Welcome to the companion article for Kyle T. Webster's Brush-making Masterclass . This article aims to be a supplementary resource for those that have watched or are watching Kyle's Procreate brush workshop where he demonstrates some of his brush-making techniques and processes.

It is divided into sections based on each brush Kyle creates, and the tools and methods he uses to produce those brushes. You will find descriptions and tips, along with links to the Procreate Handbook.

The exact written process for each brush may differ slightly to the order it is shown in the video, but your results should be similar. Some of Kyle's image files (and some bonuses!) are available here if you require them.

All of this is designed to help guide you on your adventure into creating brushes.

Brush #1 - Pastel

1. Starting off, we create a 'Square' canvas using canvas templates . This is the optimal resolution for brush creation in Procreate, at 2048 * 2048 pixels.

1. Kyle uses Light Interface , available in Actions → Prefs. This is as the menu tab suggests a preference, and isn't necessary to follow along with the tutorial - just do what feels comfortable.

2. Tap on the paintbrush icon in the top right to open Brushes , then head to the Procreate Library and select the Gouache set, followed by the Penzance brush.

1. Select black for the colour and lay down some marks in a lightly circular arrangement in the centre of the canvas, with more marks on the right hemisphere.

2. Kyle then opens up Colors and selects a grey tone and lays down some more marks, then he selects a lighter grey and adds further marks. Be sure that when adding marks, you keep them clumped somewhat together and that you avoid 'satellite' marks that are far outside the concentration.

1. Once you're happy with your shape, swipe three fingers down the canvas at the same time to summon the Copy Paste Menu . From here, select Copy All.

2. Open the Brushes interface by tapping on the paintbrush icon, then tap the + button in the top right and then ' Create a new set '. Input a memorable name, then tap again on the + button and select 'Create new brush'.

3. This brings up the Brush Studio interface, which is where we create and customise our brushes. Read more about Brush Studio in the Handbook , or continue to follow along here for specifics about what Kyle uses to create this and the other brushes in the workshop.

4. Head to the Shape tab , then tap Edit → Import → Paste . This brings across the canvas you copied as an image for the shape stamp of your brush.

5. Tap two fingers on the shape source image at the same time to invert its values. White values will be opaque, and black values will be transparent, with grey values in-between. Tap the blue tick in the top right to confirm your Shape source.

6. Still in Shape → Shape Properties, increase your ' Scatter ' value to around 30%. This helps to produce visual randomness by rotating the stamps across your stroke, based on the slider value.

7. Head to the Dynamics attribute and increase the 'Size' value under ' Jitter ' to around 12%. This creates some size variations with each shape stamp.

8. Jump into the Apple Pencil tab and set the Pressure → Opacity setting to 0%. This means that the pressure of the Apple Pencil won't dictate the opacity of your brush. Now set Bleed to around 5%or so.

9. Tap the blue tick icon in the top right to confirm your changes, then head to Layers and create a new layer with the + button, and turn off the lower layer by tapping its checkbox.

10. Pick a bright colour and have a paint with your new brush. Open the Brushes interface and tap and hold your new brush, then select Rename and choose a cool name for it.

Brush #2 - Ink

1. Share out your original shape from before. Turn off or clear your upper layer in Layers , then head to Actions → Share , and select PNG and 'Save Image' when the iPadOS Share Sheet appears. This saves the image to your Photos app.

2. Hide the lower layer, then create a new one and then head to Brushes. Find and enter your brush set, then tap the + button and select Create new brush.

3. This will open Brush Studio once more. Head straight to Shape , then tap Edit → Import , and this time select 'Import from Photos'. This will open up a Photos interface, and you can tap on the image you just saved, to import it as a Shape source.

4. Tap two fingers on it to invert the image, then tap the blue tick in the top right to confirm your shape source.

5. Head to Shape Properties and add some Scatter , around 12%. Also, toggle on the 'Randomised' option, too. This makes each stamp's initial orientation completely random, adding fun visual chaos.

6. Head to Stroke Path, then reduce the Spacing value to around 7%. This means that there will be less distance between stamps of your shape along your stroke.

7. Head to Dynamics and set Jitter → Size to around 40%. This will produce some size variation in each of your stamps as you lay a stroke down.

8. In the Apple Pencil tab, reduce the Opacity slider under Pressure to 0%, and increase the Pressure → Size slider to Maximum. These changes mean that the brush's opacity will not be impacted by the pressure applied with the Apple Pencil, and its size will be maximally impacted by pressure → the harder you press, the larger the brush stroke will become.

9. Jump into the Properties tab and bring your maximum size down to around 30%. This prevents the brush from becoming too large even when your sidebar slider is set to maximum.

10. In the Stabilisation attribute , increase the StreamLine → Amount to around 30%. This will ensure a nice smooth motion when drawing with this brush.

11. Tap on the blue tick in the top right to finalise your brush, then have a play! Tap and hold on your brush in the Brushes interface , and select Rename to give it a name, like 'Ink'.

Brush #3 - Pencil

1. Duplicate your shape source image layer (the one you used for the Pastel brush shape), then turn off all other layers.

2. Enter Transform, select Freeform down the bottom, then drag the leftmost centre node of the bounding box inwards to shrink the shape horizontally. Now, drag the entire shape towards the centre of the canvas.

1. Open Brushes , enter the Procreate Library if it's not active already, then grab the Philosopher Falls brush from the Watercolors set.

2. Set your colour to black and lay down some daubs towards the upper half of your brush image, filling it up a little and slightly squaring it off.

3. Head to Actions → Share , select PNG and then use Save Image to send it to your Photos app.

4. Open up Brushes, then swipe left on your 'Ink' brush and tap ' Duplicate ' on the options that appear. Tap twice on the freshly-duplicated brush to open up the Brush Studio .

5. In the Shape tab, select Edit → Import, Import a Photo , and select the one you exported just before. Then head to Stroke Path and increase the Spacing value to around 14%.

6. In the Rendering tab , set the brush to be Uniform Blending, then in the Blending section set the Flow to around 76%. Uniform Blending allows successive marks to add darkness, just as with a real pencil, and the lower Flow setting means that the content (graphite) from your pencil will be added more gradually to the canvas.

7. Head back to the Shape tab and turn on 'Azimuth', in the input style section . This causes the starting point for your brush stroke to be set by the initial orientation of the Apple Pencil as you begin to make the mark.

8. In the Grain tab, head to Edit → Import and select the 'Source Library' option. Scroll down and select the 'Charcoal Coarse' option.

1. In the Apple Pencil attribute, scroll down to the Tilt section. In here, bring the Size slider up to around 40%, the Opacity slider to ~16%, the Gradation slider to ~15%, and Bleed to around 2-3%. Also, be sure to turn off the Size Compression toggle just under these settings. These settings cause the tilt of the Apple Pencil to modify, the size, look, and feel of the brush as you move the pencil from a bearing perpendicular to the iPad screen to one that is more parallel/flush with the iPad screen.

2. Scroll up to the Pressure section of the Apple Pencil attribute , then set the Opacity slider to around 60%, and the Flow slider to around 80%. These settings ensure that the pressure of the pencil also impact how visible the stroke is, and how much texture comes through onto the canvas.

3. Tap the blue tick in the top right to confirm your brush, then rename it to something like 'Pencil' (tap and hold on it in Brushes and select rename). When you test it out, be sure to use varying degrees of pressure, and don't forget to tilt your pencil to see the graded effect, too!

Brush #4 - Foliage

1. Using the same canvas with all the layers turned off, or a new 'Square' preset canvas , jump in and head to Actions → Add. From here, select 'Insert a Photo' and tap on a picture of some foliage - a nice and clear leaf or set of leaves in frame will work quite well. Use Kyle's photo turned into a shape source if you can't take your own. If you use Kyle's leaf image, jump down a few points to where we create a new brush.

1. When you bring the image in, Transform will initiate straight away. Scale up the image while in ' Uniform ' mode so that the leaves are nice and clearly visible near the centre of the canvas. Tap the Transform tool again to finalise the scale and position.

2. Tap Selections and use Automatic selection to isolate the leaves, making sure to keep your finger held down and move it left and right to adjust the Selection Threshold . You might need to use Freehand to trace around the leaves if Automatic doesn't work. Once you have them selected, use the Copy & Paste option on the bottom toolbar to duplicate the leaves to a new layer above.

3. Head to Layers and hide the lower layer , then enable Transform again, and use the green node to rotate your leaves and foliage so that the stem sits horizontally right in the middle of your canvas area.

4. Head to Actions → Share and export the canvas as a PNG, and use the Save Image option in here, then head to Brushes, tap the + and select Create new brush.

5. Head to Shape , then tap on Edit → Import → Import from Photos . Select your foliage image to import it, and then tap two fingers on the image to invert it. You'll want your leaves to be white and grey, and your background to be black.

6. Tap on ' Drawing Pad ' at the top of the right section of your Brush Studio, and drag your 'Preview Size' slider all the way to the right. Head now to Stroke Path and increase your Spacing value to around 40% - enough to see each stamp of your leaves clearly.

7. Head to the Shape attribute , then drag the Rotation slider under Touch Properties to maximum, forcing the stamps to follow the orientation of the paint stroke as you're making it. Further down, toggle 'Flip Y' on, too. This makes the shape stamps intermittently flip on the Y axis, adding nice variety to the foliage.

8. Still in Shape, under Shape Properties , increase the Roundness Vertical Jitter to about 27%, and the Roundness Horizontal Jitter to around 9%. This will cause the shape stamps to be sometimes be squeezed a little across both axes.

9. Head back to Stroke Path and modify the Spacing value until the stems of your leaves line up nicely along the stroke path. Try adding around 8-10% of Size Jitter, too. This will provide some nice extra variation.

10. Jump into Color Dynamics and in the Stamp Color Jitter section, bring the Hue to ~10%, and play with the values of Saturation, Lightness, and Darkness, but keep the values low (under 10%) so there isn't too much variation.

1. Head to Apple Pencil and turn off Opacity under Pressure (drag it to 0%) to ensure that the opacity of the brush doesn't change with pressure applied with the Apple Pencil. Try increasing Size under Pressure a little, maybe up to around 85% or so. This makes the size of your strokes changeable with Apple Pencil pressure.

2. In the Properties attribute, try adjusting the Maximum Size value to suit the size of foliage you're after. You may have to toggle the 'Orient to Screen' option in here, too, if the brush is misaligned when you head back to the canvas to test it.

3. On that note, head back to the canvas by tapping the blue tick in the top right (otherwise your brush changes won't save) and test out your new foliage brush! Open the Brushes interface, then tap and hold on your brush and select Rename to give it a new name.

Brush #5 - Grunge

1. First, take a photo of some interesting textures, like concrete, wood bark, etc. If you can find some nice brick or concrete texture, it will be useful for this brush. Of course, you can use Kyle's texture if you're not able to grab your own.

2. Head to the Brushes interface, then tap the + and select Create new brush . In here, head to Shape and tap Edit → Import → Source Library and find and select the 'Acrylic Dab 6' image. Also, add some Scatter value - around 40%, to reduce predictability of the shape stamping.

3. Move on over to the Grain attribute and do the same, except this time select Import Image and select the concrete texture either from your photo or Kyle's.

4. Tap Auto Repeat and adjust some options in here to make the grain repeated pattern less obvious, then tap the tick in the top right to finalise the repeated pattern.

1. Set the Grain behaviour to Texturised , then adjust the 'Contrast' slider. Try increasing this to create some more obvious variation in the shades of the grain, maybe around 27% if you're using Kyle's photo. Consider adjusting the Scale slider to bring up the overall size of the textural differences in your grain. Kyle sets his to ~27%.

2. Head to the Stroke Path tab and add some Lateral and Linear Jitter. This adds some movement between the shape stamps - some will be offset along the path of the stroke, and some perpendicular to it. Try adding under 10% for both.

3. In Apple Pencil , under Pressure, set Flow to its Maximum value. This means that when you're using light pressure, only a little of the grainy and gritty texture will show through. With more pressure, more of the grain will be revealed in the stroke.

4. In Properties , increase Maximum Size to around 300% to have a nice and large, gritty and grungy texture show through when we paint.

5. Tap the blue tick in the top right of Brush Studio to save your changes, then in Brushes , long hold on your brush and Rename it to something like 'Grunge'.

Brush #6 - Paint

1. In Brushes , head to the set containing the new brushes you've been making, then swipe left on your first brush 'Pastel' and select Duplicate . Once it's duplicated, tap twice on the new brush 'Pastel 2' to enter Brush Studio.

2. In Stroke Path , decrease the Spacing value to around 5-6%. Head now to the Shape attribute , and reduce the Scatter value in Shape Properties to around 5-6%, too. These changes draw the stamps closer together when you lay a stroke down, and cause less random orientation of the shape stamps.

3. In the Grain attribute , tap Edit → Import → Source Library , and select 'Charcoal Rough', and confirm it with the blue tick in the top right. Remember you can use the Search to find this easily.

4. In Grain Behaviour , increase the Scale value to around 37%, and set the 'Movement' value to around 22%. The Scale increase makes the grain larger and more visually prominent, and the Movement change stretches the grain itself along your stroke, providing the illusion of bristles dragged across canvas.

5. Quickly in the Shape attribute , increase the 'Count' to 2, which increases the amount of stamp instances laid down with each stroke.

6. In the Apple Pencil attribute , bring up the Flow under Pressure to around 49%. This means that with lower pressure, the 'bristles' of the brush will be making less contact and depositing less pigment and texture.

7. Still under Apple Pencil pressure, bring up the Bleed setting to increase the contrast of the brush, or reduce it to soften the difference by decreasing the contrast. This is more of a preference, so go with what feels right for you. Kyle settles with 12%.

1. Head to Dynamics and reduce the Size Jitter down to about 2%, because we don't want too much irregular variation of the stamp sizes with this brush.

2. In Apple Pencil and bring the Pressure → Size value up to around 76%. This allows the pressure of the Apple Pencil to moderately dictate the size of the brush stroke. Tap on the blue tick in the top right to finalise your brush, then tap and hold on it to rename it to something like 'Paint'.

1. To customise your bristle movement and grit, tap twice on the brush and head to the Grain attribute , then adjust your ' Movement ' slider in here. Consider increasing your Preview size in the Drawing Pad settings , then slide the Movement slider to the right to add more grit, and drag it to the left to make the stroke more smooth.

2. Tap the blue tick in the top right to confirm your brush, then open up Brushes , tap and hold on the brush you've made and Rename it something like 'Paint'.

Brush #7 - Oil

1. Head to Brushes and duplicate your 'Paint' brush by swiping left on it and tapping Duplicate. Tap twice on the duplicated brush to enter Brush Studio .

2. In the Shape attribute , head to the Count slider in Shape Properties and bring the value up to 3. This means that more stamps will be deposited as you create the stroke. This will give an appropriate thickness and density to the brush.

3. Jump into the Grain tab and tap Edit → Import → Source Library . Navigate to (or search for) the 'Canvas' grain and tap on this to import it from the source library. This will provide a nice texture to for your oil-style brush, to make it feel like you're painting on a canvas.

4. While in Grain, ensure Grain Behaviour is set to 'Moving' and increase the Movement value to around 95%. This means that the texture itself will stay largely static with the brush stroke, but still provide a subtle textural shift.

5. Further down in your Grain Behaviour settings, increase your Depth Jitter value to around 19%, your Brightness value to ~23%, and reduce the Contrast value to ~12%. The former helps create some random variation to the texture, and the brightness and contrast values constrain the dynamics range of the grain. This means that you'll achieve a little jitter without letting the texture get too wild.

6. Now head to the Rendering attribute and change your brush's Rendering mode to Intense Blending. This and Uniform Blending are the best options for when you intend to use Wet Mix with your brush.

7. In the Wet Mix attribute , bring your Dilution value up to 74%. This adds a 'water' element to the brush. Send up Charge to around 49% and Attack to roughly 10%. These settings cause the brush to be 'loaded' with a moderate amount of paint for each individual stroke, and for that paint to rapidly discharge.

8. Still in Wet Mix , Set Pull to maximum, and Grade to ~25%. These settings make the brush aggressively pull other existing colours along for the ride when you make a stroke, but still keep some independent opacity of the original stroke and texture alive.

9. Now head back to the Rendering tab , and set your Wet Edges value to 14%, and your Burnt Edges value to ~50%. These settings in tandem cause the brush to have nice opaque edges that layer successively on top of each other as you make intersecting strokes.

10. Tap the blue tick in the top right of Brush Studio to save your changes, then in Brushes , long hold on your brush and Rename it to something like 'Oil'.

Brush #8 - Dual Brush (Angles)

1. Create a new Square canvas and enable Selections mode. From here, use Rectangle selection to draw a large square selection in the centre of your canvas. Set your colour to black and drag it into the square (this is ColorDrop ), or use Fill Layer in your Selections toolbar at the bottom.

2. Once you have filled in the square, tap the Selections icon to remove the selection, then tap it again to enter the mode once more. In here drag a large Rectangular selection within your black square, then a smaller, thinner one in the opposite side of your square.

3. With the two inner rectangles selected, scrub three fingers left and right to remove the content within them. This is the Clear Layer gesture , but it always respects the selection you have. You should now have a large black square with two white rectangles within.

4. Once you've done that, tap on the Selections icon to exit the mode, then open Layers . Now, with two fingers, swipe from left to right on your active layer, engaging Alpha Lock . When Alpha Lock is switched on, it means you can only modify pixels that already exist on the layer.

5. Open up Selections again, and make sure you're on Rectangular , then draw a rectangle around one corner of your square. With this corner selected, pick a grey (around a 50% grey) in Colors, then ColorDrop the grey into your selected corner.

6. Now head to Actions → Share and save your canvas out as a PNG file. Open a new canvas, head to Brushes , tap the + button and select Create new brush .

7. Head to the Shape attribute , and select Edit → Import → Import a Photo , and select the PNG you just saved. After the import, tap two fingers on it to invert the image.

8. In the Stroke Path attribute , increase the Spacing value to around 39%, the Lateral Jitter to ~45%, and the Linear Jitter to ~41%. These value changes make the stamps more separated across the stroke, and push some stamps further along the stroke and out to the sides, adding some nice positional variation.

9. Jump across now to the Shape attribute , and under Shape Properties toggle 'Flip X' and 'Flip Y' on, to make some of the shape stamps flip randomly across one or both axes.

10. Also in Shape Properties, head to Roundness Horizontal Jitter and Roundness Vertical Jitter. Bump both of these values up to around 80%. This means that the stamps will be randomly squeezed vertically and/or horizontally across the stroke, sometimes quite substantially.

11. To add some size dynamics and make the brush generally larger, head to Dynamics and increase the Jitter → Size value to around 44%, then head to Properties and increase Maximum Size to about 615%.

12. Now head to the Apple Pencil attribute , and set the Pressure → Opacity to 0% and the Pressure → Bleed value to around 78%. This allows the pressure of the Apple Pencil to affect whether the less opaque corner of your brush will be more or less visible.

13. Tap the blue tick in the top right of Brush Studio to save your changes, then in Brushes , long hold on your brush and Rename it to something like 'Angles'.

14. Still in Brushes, swipe left on your new brush and select Duplicate. Swipe from the left to the right on the newly-duplicated brush so that both are selected, and select Combine at the top of the interface, then tap on it to enter Brush Studio .

15. In Brush Studio, tap on the brush previews in the top left, and set the Combine Mode to Linear Burn. In the Apple Pencil tab , making sure you have your primary brush (uppermost in top left) selected, increase the Pressure → Size value to around 88%.

16. Tap on the blue tick in the top right to finalise your brush and return to the canvas.

Brush #9 - Spatter

1. Spatter a few blotches of some ink onto a piece of paper, then grab a photo of it, taking care to keep the lighting neutral if possible. Feel free to use Kyle's ink spatters if you aren't able to make your own.

1. Create a new 'Square' canvas using a preset in the Procreate Gallery, then head to Actions and tap the 'Add' tab , then select ' Insert a Photo '. Select your ink photo and scale it so that your spatters are all within the square and somewhat centred - it's okay if excess parts are outside the canvas area as long as all your ink marks are within.

2. Tap the Transform icon at the top to finalise the transform edits, then head to Adjustments (wand icon near the top left) and select Curves .

3. In here, tap directly in-between the two nodes in the corners of the Gamma curve , to add a third node. Now tap in the middle of the right half, and drag upwards to push the lighter values up. Do the opposite in the left half - tap in the centre left and drag downwards to push the dark values darker. This should help to eliminate too much uniform colour in your image and provide a better picture to use for your brush.

4. You can always use the Selection tool set to Freehand to draw around unwanted shapes in your image, then scrub three fingers left and right on the screen to clear those areas .

5. Once you're happy with your shape, head to Actions → Share , and select PNG under Share Image, then tap Save Image to save it to your Photos app.

6. Head to Brushes and tap the + button, then select Create new brush . From here, head to Shape, then select Edit → Import → Import a Photo and tap on the image you've just saved. Invert the shape with a two-finger tap.

7. Under Shape → Shape properties , max out the Spacing slider (push it all the way to the right), then head further down and toggle on Flip X and Flip Y. Additionally, bring your Roundness Vertical Jitter to around 34% and your Roundness Horizontal Jitter to around 35%.

8. Head to Apple Pencil and under Pressure, set Opacity to 0% , Size to 91%, and Bleed to Maximum. In Stroke Path , set your Spacing value to be around 38%. Now in the Properties attribute , set the Maximum size to be around 841%.

9. Now head to Dynamics and under Speed , set your 'Size' value to be -44% or thereabouts, your Spacing value to be ~13%, and set your Jitter > Size value to be around 40%. These settings cause there to be a little regular variation to the size of each stamp, and an inverse speed → size relationship.

10. This means that the faster your stroke, the larger the brush stamps will become. The faster the stroke, the more spaced out the larger stamps will be (Speed → Spacing), too.

11. Tap the blue tick in the top right of Brush Studio to save your changes, then in Brushes , long hold on your brush and Rename it to something like 'Spatter'.

12. Create a new 'Square' canvas , and grab the brush 'Philosopher Falls', in the Watercolors set of the Procreate Library (remember you can pull downwards in the Brushes interface to use Brush Search ).

13. Set your colour to black and lay down 3-4 soft, circular blotches, with one larger one in the centre of the canvas. Once you're happy with your spatter shape, swipe three fingers down the canvas at the same time and select Copy All. If you cannot create your own suitable shape, you can use Kyle's .

14. Open Brushes , head to the set you've been working on, and swipe left on your Spatter brush, then tap Duplicate . Tap twice on the duplicated brush, then head to the Shape attribute .

15. In Shape, tap Edit at the top, followed by Import → Paste . Tap two fingers on the pasted image to ensure the spatter marks are white against a black background. If you are using Kyle's image source, you'll need to use the Import a Photo option and bring in the image from your Photos app.

16. Once it's pasted in, head to the Stroke Path attribute , then increase your Jitter Linear and Jitter Lateral values to around 28%. This will provide the brush with some nice subtle random stamp placement variation both following the stroke and across it.

17. Tap the blue tick in the top right of Brush Studio to save your changes, then head to the Brushes interface. Tap on your original 'Spatter' brush, then swipe from left to right on the brush you just made, then tap Combine at the top. This brings both brushes together as one.

18. Tap twice on the brush you just combined, to open Brush Studio. In here, tap on the image previews of your brushes in the top left, then tap between them on Combine Mode , and set this to ' Hard Mix '.

19. Now, tap on the lower brush preview - your secondary brush, then tap back into the main Brush Studio area to dismiss the Combine options. Head to the Shape attribute and increase the Count value to 2.

20. Tap the blue tick in the top right of Brush Studio to save your changes, then in Brushes , long hold on your brush and Rename it to something like 'Spatter'.

Bonus Brush - Flat Paint

1. Create a new canvas using the original 'Pastel' shape you made (the daubs in a circular area). To do this, tap the Photo button in the top of your Gallery, then tap the original spattered image you created.

2. Once the canvas has been created, jump into Layers and ensure the layer with the spatters shape is active, then tap the Transform tool and select Freeform on the bottom toolbar.

3. Grab one of the central side blue nodes of the transform bounding box and drag inwards, towards the centre. This should have the effect of squeezing your shape, flattening it inwards.

4. Now drag the top central node upwards to elongate the shape. Once it's flat and long, drag from outside the bounding box to reposition it, and place it in the centre of the canvas. Remember you can turn on the Snapping toggle in the Snapping menu to have yellow guidelines snap the content to the centre of the canvas.

5. Head to Actions → Share > Share Image and select PNG in the list, then select Save Image to save the new shape you've made to the Photos app.

6. In Brushes , swipe left on your 'Paint' brush and select Duplicate, then tap twice on the duplicated brush and head to the Shape attribute . In here, select Edit → Import → Import from Photo, and select the squeezed spatter shape you've made.

1. Still in the Shape attribute , ensure you have Input style set to Azimuth, or Azimuth and Barrel roll, to ensure you can control the orientation of the brush stamps as you make your stroke.

Bonus Brush - Flat Paint Alpha

1. A very simple but fun change to make your brush completely different! - head into Brushes and swipe left on your Flat Paint brush, then tap Duplicate .

2. Tap twice on it to open up Brush Studio , then head to Rendering and turn on the Alpha Threshold button towards the bottom. Leave the Threshold at 20%, then tap the blue tick to finalise the brush.

3. In Brushes , tap and hold on the fresh brush and Rename it something like Flat Paint Alpha.

4. Alpha Threshold basically sets any given pixel of your brush to be fully opaque or completely invisible, based on how transparent it is. The Threshold is where the change will occur. You'll find that the brush is crispy and rich, with no transparent areas → just thick, flat paint strokes that are saturated and strong.

Bonus Brush - Spatter 2

1. Open Brushes and swipe left on your Spatter brush, then select Duplicate . Tap twice on the duplicated brush to enter Brush Studio .

2. Head straight into Apple Pencil , and bring the Pressure → Opacity value up to 57%. Bring the Pressure → Flow value up to 59%. This connects the translucency and presence of the paint to the pressure applied with the Apple Pencil.

3. Tap on the lower brush preview in the top left to select your secondary brush, then head to Apple Pencil again. Bring up Pressure → Opacity to 72%, Flow to 36%, and Bleed to Maximum. This makes the secondary aspect of the combined brush more reactive to Apple Pencil pressure.

4. Now, still with your secondary brush selected, head to the Grain tab , and select Edit → Import → Import a Photo . Bring in a photo of something like splotches against a textured surface. Kyle uses this image of lichen for the Grain source.

5. Once you've imported a cool image, tap on Auto Repeat at the top, and begin adjusting these options until you get a nice repeating pattern (Kyle simply increases the Grain scale slightly to 1.3, and sets the Mask hardness high at 99%), then tap the tick in the top right to render this out.

6. Now, under ' Grain behaviour ', set your Movement value to be around 74%, your Scale to ~72%, and your Zoom to 50%. This controls the zoom of the Grain based on Apple Pencil pressure input.

Bonus Brush - Oil Dual

1. Head into Brushes and swipe left on the 'Oil' brush you made, and select Duplicate . Now do the same with the 'Paint' brush you've made.

2. Tap on your newly-duplicated Oil brush (Oil 2), and then swipe from left to right on the newly-duplicated Paint brush (Paint 2), then tap Combine at the top of the Brushes interface.

3. Tap twice on your combined brush, which should now be called 'Oil 2', to open Brush Studio .

4. In Brush Studio, tap on the lower brush in the top left (your secondary of the combined brushes), then head to the Stroke Path tab and set your Spacing value to around 5%.

5. Now head to the Properties tab , lay down a stroke on the Drawing Pad, then bring the Maximum Size value under Brush Behaviour to about 172% - you want just a thin outline to appear at the edge of your stroke.

6. Tap now on the upper brush in the top left to select your primary combined brush, then head to Color Dynamics and select a colour in the Drawing Pad settings , then lay down a stroke.

7. In Color Dynamics, head to the Color Pressure setting, and drop the Brightness value to around -7%. In Stroke Color Jitter, tap on the numeric inputs to the right of Hue, Saturation, LIghtness, and Darkness to 2%.

8. Do the same for Stamp Color Jitter (at the top) → Hue, Lightness, and Darkness. This will provide some nice general variety to the colours and values of the stroke, but will also allow for added dynamics based on the pressure applied with the Apple Pencil.

1. Head to the Wet Mix attribute , and drop the Dilution value to around 55%

2. Tap the blue tick at the top right to finalise the brush and return to the canvas, then open up Brushes, tap and hold on the brush and Rename it something like 'Oil Dual'.

Bonus Brush - Foliage Dual

1. Create a Square canvas in the Gallery, then draw some large leaves in pure black, maybe two or three, large and near the centre of the canvas. You can of course use Kyle's illustration if you prefer.

1. Once you've drawn your leaves, swipe three fingers down on the canvas and select Copy All from the Copy Paste menu .

2. In Brushes , swipe left on your Foliage brush and Duplicate it. Now do it one more time so you have two fresh copies of the Foliage brush, above the original.

3. Tap on one of the duplicated brushes to enter Brush Studio with it.

4. Head to the Shape attribute . From here, tap Edit at the top, followed by Import , then Paste. If you had saved your leaves illustration into Photos you can use Import a Photo to bring it in.

5. In Drawing Pad settings , increase the Preview Size, then lay down a stroke on the Drawing Pad. Now enter the Stroke Path attribute and bring up your Spacing value to around 50%

6. Head back to the Shape attribute. In Shape properties , under the Flip Options, we're going to rotate the shape. Drag the green node until your shape stamps nicely follow the stroke that you made on the Drawing Pad.

7. Now, back in Stroke Path , adjust the Spacing value again until your stamps nicely connect and line up, as if in a uniform chain.

8. Head back to Shape again (this will make sense soon!) and toggle on the Flip X and Flip Y options, then tap the blue tick in the top right to finalise this brush.

9. In Brushes , ensure the brush you've just been working on is selected, then swipe from left to right on the fresh duplicate of your original Foliage brush, and select Combine in the top of Brushes.

10. In Brush Studio, tap on the lower brush in the top left (the secondary brush), and head to the Properties attribute, then adjust the Maximum size until the leaf shapes from the two different sources have similar stamp sizes across the stroke. Kyle sets this to around 383%.

11. Head to the primary brush (tap on the upper one in the top left), then head to Stroke Path and adjust the Spacing value to around 35%. You want the two brushes to complement each other in terms of size and density.

12. Tap on the blue tick in the top right to finalise your brush, then enter Brushes and tap and hold on your brush to Rename it to something like 'Foliage Dual'.

Bonus Brush - Foliage Linear Burn

1. Enter Brushes and swipe left on your Foliage Dual brush, and tap Duplicate to create a copy. Tap twice on the duplicated brush to enter Brush Studio .

2. In here, tap on either of the brushes in the top left, then tap on Combine Mode and set this to Linear Burn. Tap the blue tick in the top right to confirm this brush, then tap and hold on it in Brushes you'd like to Rename it.

3. Even though it's a quick change, it provides a very different aesthetic with the two brushes combined but masking over each other using the Combined blend mode.

Bonus Brush - Crosshatching

1. Create a Square canvas using your canvas templates in the Gallery, then select pure black as your colour.

2. Head into Brushes and grab the Ink brush you've made, or any other opaque brush with crispy edges.

3. Lay four thick, vertical strokes down your canvas, moving from left to right. They don't have to be perfectly straight, it'll add character to your brush.

4. Swipe three fingers down the canvas and use 'Copy All', or save the image as a PNG with Actions → Share .

5. Create a new brush with the + button in the top right of Brushes , then head to the Shape attribute of Brush Studio .

6. In here, tap Edit → Import → Paste (if you copied your image) or Import a Photo, then tap on your image (if you saved your image).

7. Invert it by tapping two fingers on the source, then tap the blue tick box in the top right to confirm this source image. Bring up your Scatter value in Shape Properties (try around 30-40%).

8. In the Stroke Path attribute , bring your Spacing value up so that the stamps are just crossing over each other slightly.

9. Tap the blue tick box in the top right to confirm your brush, then head to Brushes , long hold on it and select Rename to give it a memorable title.

Add a little chaos and variety to your brush by slightly increasing the Jitter Linear and Jitter Lateral values in Stroke Path , or make the shading effect more dense by bumping up Count in the Shape attribute.